Musculoskeletal system: development, physiology, pathologies

? Fundamental principles of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, developmental biology, and physiology

? Development and growth of the musculoskeletal system. ? Genetic muscle disorders: from diagnosis to treatment. ? Structure and function of the osteoarticular system. ? Organization of movement and motor control. ? Energy and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.

Lectures
? Embryonic and Fetal Development of the Musculoskeletal System (4h30)
o Developmental origin of muscles and skeletal elements.
o Genetic networks controlling myogenesis.
o Myotube formation: migration, fusion, differentiation.
o Myofibrillogenesis: assembly, growth, and dynamics of myofibrils.
o Establishment of muscle fiber types: glycolytic fast fibers vs oxidative slow fibers.
? Adult Myogenesis and Regeneration (1h30)
o Origin of satellite cells (myogenic and non-myogenic contributions).
o Satellite cell niche (basal lamina).
o Activation and proliferation during muscle growth and regeneration.
? Tissue Crosstalk in Musculoskeletal Development (3h)
o Neuromuscular junction: mechanisms regulating development and maintenance; impact of activity on fiber types and metabolism.
o Integrative morphogenesis and cross-tissue communication: MTJ formation, endocrine coupling (myokine concept).
? Osteoarticular System (1h30)
o Structure and function of bones and joints.
? Organization of Motor Skills (3h)
o Coordination of movement, neural regulation, and cardiovascular involvement (1h30).
o Fiber types and contraction mechanisms (1h30).
? Skeletal Muscle Metabolism (4h30)
o Energy homeostasis and ATP production (1h30).
o Protein metabolism and synthesis (1h30).
o Proteolytic systems (1h30).
? Genetic Muscle Disorders (3h)
o Etiology of genetic diseases affecting muscle development or function (1h).
o Strategies for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms (1h).
o Overview of therapeutic approaches tested in clinical trials (gene therapy, stem cell therapy, exon skipping) (1h).
Tutorials (TD)
? 5 sessions (1h30 each):
o Analysis of publications on myofibrillogenesis and sarcomerogenesis.
o Coordination of growth and differentiation in limb musculoskeletal development.
o Motor skills organization.
o Skeletal muscle metabolism.
o Proof-of-concept studies for therapeutic approaches in genetic muscle disorders.

? Development and growth of the musculoskeletal system. ? Genetic muscle disorders: from diagnosis to treatment. ? Structure and function of the osteoarticular system. ? Organization of movement and motor control. ? Energy and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.